When the content of the stomach flows backward into the esophagus, the symptoms generally experienced are related to irritation and damage where the acidic stomach juices come into contact. Long-term exposure to stomach acid causes greater irritation and leads to the potentially serious complications of damage to structures within the mouth, throat, esophagus, and lungs.
Although symptoms vary considerably, the most frequently experienced symptom of acid reflux is referred to as heartburn. Usually described as a burning sensation behind the sternum or breastbone, heartburn typically begins after a meal and is made worse by lying down, bending over, or exercising.
Other symptoms frequently associated with acid reflux include:
- Bloating
- Belching
- Chest pain
- Sour taste
- Persistent coughing
- Swallowing difficulty
- Food intolerance
- Hoarseness, especially in the morning
- Bad breath
- Sore throat or feeling the need to clear the throat
- Regurgitation of food
- Gum inflammation
- Tooth enamel erosion
- Waterbrash (an excess of saliva)
- Vomiting blood
- Nausea and vomiting
- Wheezing
- Asthma